onner-full
type: Ontology
version IRI: onner-full
bibliographic citation: Umayer Reza, Xuelian Zhang, Torsten Hahmann. (2024). OnNER: An Ontology for Semantic Representation of Named Entities in Scholarly Publications.
created: 2023-02-05
creator: Torsten Hahmann <http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5331-5052>
creator: Umayer Reza <https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4013-3513>
creator: Xuelian Zhang <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0708-4070>
description: OnNER is designed to capture and represent named entities — terms identified and labeled using named entity recognition (NER) methods — along with relevant semantic context, such as their location within a document, from scholarly publications. The ontology is aligned with Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) and Information Artifact Ontology (IAO), and it also incorporates relevant high-level concepts from Relation Ontology (RO), Ontology for Biomedical Investigations (OBI), and NCBI organismal classification (NCBITaxon).
issued: 2024-05-24
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
modified: 2024-09-16
publisher: Spatial Knowledge and Artificial Intelligence (SKAI) Lab, University of Maine
source: source
subject: Information Extraction
subject: Named Entity Representation
subject: Scholarly Publication
title: OnNER: An Ontology for Semantic Representation of Named Entities in Scholarly Publications
doi: Digital Object Identifier
status: stable
version info: 1.0

realized in
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: realizes
domain: Realizable Entity
range: Process
comment: A relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process.

realizes
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Process
range: Realizable Entity
comment: A relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process.

role of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has role
comment: A relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence.

has role
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence

has output
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: output of
comment: P has output C iff C is a participant in P, C is present at the end of P, and C is not present in the same state at the beginning of P.

output of
type: ObjectProperty
comment: C is output of P iff C is a participant in P, C is present at the end of P, and C is not present in the same state at the beginning of P.

is referenced by
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: references
comment: The relation between a publication and the bibliographic record or bibliographic reference describing it.

references
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The relation between a bibliographic record or a bibliographic reference and the publication being referenced.

cites
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is cited by
comment: The citing entity cites the cited entity, either directly and explicitly (as in the reference list of a journal article), indirectly (e.g. by citing a more recent paper by the same group on the same topic), or implicitly (e.g. as in artistic quotations or parodies, or in cases of plagiarism).

is cited by
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The cited entity (the subject of the RDF triple) is cited by the citing entity (the object of the triple).

contains
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is contained by
comment: A structured element contains another generic element.

is contained by
type: ObjectProperty
comment: An element that is contained by another structured element.

assigner of status
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: status assigned by
domain: Class
  union of: NER System
  union of: Person
range: Labeled Term Status
property chain axiom: has NER labeler role
property chain axiom: realized in
property chain axiom: has output
comment: The relationship between a responsible agent (e.g., a person or an NER system) holding an NER labeler role and a status assigned by that agent to a labeled term (also known as a named entity).
example: [NER-Model-A] assigns [Status-A-1-1] to the labeled term [Hemicellulose].

author of publication
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: publication authored by
domain: Person
range: Scholarly Publication
property chain axiom: has publication author role
property chain axiom: realized in
property chain axiom: has output
comment: The relationship between a person holding a publication author role and a document (e.g., a scholarly publication) that the person has written.

bibliographic entry contained by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: document part contained by
inverse of: contains bibliographic entry
domain: Bibliographic Entry
range: Bibliography
comment: The relationship of a bibliographic entry with a bibliography which contains that bibliographic entry.

bibliographic entry references scholarly publication
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: references
inverse of: scholarly publication referenced by bibliographic entry
domain: Bibliographic Entry
range: Scholarly Publication
comment: The relationship between a bibliographic entry which provides the location of a scholarly publication on the web and that scholarly publication itself.

cited by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is cited by
inverse of: cites
domain: Bibliographic Entry
range: Text Fragment
comment: The relationship between the detailed source information for locating a resource (e.g., a bibliographic reference) on the web and a text fragment citing that resource.

cites
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: cites
domain: Text Fragment
range: Bibliographic Entry
comment: The relationship between a text fragment citing a resource and a detailed source information for locating the cited resource (e.g., a bibliographic reference) on the web.

contained by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is contained by
inverse of: contains
comment: The relationship of a content with the container of that content.

contains
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: contains
comment: The relationship of a container with the content of that container.

contains bibliographic entry
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: contains document part
domain: Bibliography
range: Bibliographic Entry
comment: The relationship of a bibliography with a bibliographic entry which is contained by that bibliography.

contains document part
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: contains
inverse of: document part contained by
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Document Part
  union of: Scholarly Publication
range: Document Part
comment: The relationship of a document part or a scholarly publication with another document part that is contained by the former, regardless of direct or indirect containment.

directly contains document part
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: contains document part
inverse of: document part directly contained by
domain: Class
  union of: Document Part
  union of: Scholarly Publication
range: Document Part
comment: The relationship of a document part or a scholarly publication with another document part that is contained by the former directly.

directly contains labeled term
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: directly contains document part
inverse of: labeled term directly contained by
domain: Text Fragment
range: Labeled Term
comment: The relationship of a text fragment with a labeled term which is contained by that text fragment directly.

document part contained by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: contained by
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: Document Part
range: Class
  union of: Document Part
  union of: Scholarly Publication
comment: The relationship of a document part with another document part or a scholarly publication that contains the former, regardless of direct or indirect containment.

document part directly contained by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: document part contained by
domain: Document Part
range: Class
  union of: Document Part
  union of: Scholarly Publication
comment: The relationship of a document part with another document part or a scholarly publication that contains the former directly.

floating document part referenced by text fragment
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: referenced by
inverse of: text fragment references floating document part
domain: Floating Document Part
range: Text Fragment
comment: The relationship between a floating document element (e.g., a figure, a table, or a listing) referenced by a text fragment (e.g., a paragraph, a caption, or a formula) and that text fragment itself.

from labeling schema
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Label
range: Labeling Schema
comment: The relationship between a label of a labeled term (also known as a named entity) and a labeling schema to which that label belongs.

has affiliation
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Person
range: Organization
comment: The relationship between a person and an organization with which that person is affiliated.

has caption
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Floating Document Part
range: Caption
comment: The relationship between a floating document element (e.g., a figure, a table, or a listing) and an accompanying text fragment (e.g., a caption) which describes that floating document element.

has labeled term label
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Labeled Term Status
range: Label
comment: The relationship between a status of a labeled term (also known as a named entity) and a label assigned to that labeled term.

has labeled term status
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: status of labeled term
domain: Labeled Term
range: Labeled Term Status
comment: The relationship between a labeled term (also known as a named entity) and a status assigned to that labeled term.

has publication author role
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has role
inverse of: role of publication author
domain: Person
range: Publication Author Role
comment: The relationship between a person and a role which distinguishes that person as an author of a particular publication.

has NER labeler role
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has role
inverse of: role of NER labeler
domain: Class
  union of: NER System
  union of: Person
range: NER Labeler Role
comment: The relationship between an agent (e.g., a person or an NER system) and a role which grants the privilege of NER labeling to that agent.

labeled term directly contained by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: document part directly contained by
domain: Labeled Term
range: Text Fragment
comment: The relationship of a labeled term with a text fragment which contains that labeled term directly.

next document part
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
domain: Ordered Document Part
range: Ordered Document Part
comment: The relationship between an ordered document element (e.g., a section or a paragraph) and another ordered document element that immediately follows the first.

publication authored by
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Scholarly Publication
range: Person
property chain axiom: output of
property chain axiom: realizes
property chain axiom: role of publication author
comment: The relationship between a document (e.g., a scholarly publication) and a person holding a publication author role who has written that document.

referenced by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is referenced by
inverse of: references
comment: The relationship between two document parts or between a document part and a scholarly publication, where one is referenced by the other.

references
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: references
comment: The relationship between two document parts or between a document part and a scholarly publication, where one references the other.

role of publication author
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: role of
domain: Publication Author Role
range: Person
comment: The relationship between a role and a person who is distinguished as an author of a particular publication by that role.

role of NER labeler
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: role of
domain: NER Labeler Role
range: Class
  union of: NER System
  union of: Person
comment: The relationship between a role and an agent (e.g., a person or an NER system) that is granted the privilege of NER labeling by that role.

scholarly publication referenced by bibliographic entry
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: referenced by
domain: Scholarly Publication
range: Bibliographic Entry
comment: The relationship between a scholarly publication which is located on the web by a bibliographic entry and that bibliographic entry itself.

status assigned by
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Labeled Term Status
range: Class
  union of: NER System
  union of: Person
property chain axiom: output of
property chain axiom: realizes
property chain axiom: role of NER labeler
comment: The relationship between a status assigned to a labeled term (also known as a named entity) and an agent (e.g., a person or an NER system) holding an NER labeler role responsible for assigning that status.
example: [Status-A-1-1] is assigned to the labeled term [Hemicellulose] by [NER-Model-A].

status of labeled term
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Labeled Term Status
range: Labeled Term
comment: The relationship between a status assigned to a labeled term (also known as a named entity) and that labeled term itself.

system belongs to
type: ObjectProperty
domain: NER System
comment: The relationship of an NER system with its designated owner or operator.

text fragment references floating document part
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: references
domain: Text Fragment
range: Floating Document Part
comment: The relationship between a text fragment (e.g., a paragraph, a caption, or a formula) referencing a floating document element (e.g., a figure, a table, or a listing) and that floating document element itself.

caption text
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Figure
  union of: Listing
  union of: Table
range: string
comment: A text segment containing the description of a floating document element (e.g., a figure, a table, or a listing).

doi
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Scholarly Publication
range: string
comment: A text segment containing a unique digital identifier assigned to a scholarly publication released online.

figure number
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Figure
range: nonNegativeInteger
comment: A unique figure number within a document.

keyword text
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Keyword
range: string
comment: A text segment containing a keyword mentioned in a scholarly publication.

label text
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Label
range: string
comment: A text segment containing a label assigned to a labeled term (also known as a named entity).

labeled term text
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Labeled Term
range: string
comment: A text segment containing a labeled term (also known as a named entity) identified within a text fragment.

length
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Labeled Term
range: nonNegativeInteger
comment: The total number of characters in a labeled term (also known as a named entity).

listing number
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Listing
range: nonNegativeInteger
comment: A unique listing number within a document.

offset
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Labeled Term
range: nonNegativeInteger
comment: The starting position of a labeled term (also known as a named entity) within a paragraph.

organization address
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Organization
range: string
comment: A text segment containing an organization's address.

organization name
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Organization
range: string
comment: A text segment containing an organization's name.

paragraph text
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Paragraph
range: string
comment: A text segment containing a paragraph.

person name
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Person
range: string
comment: A text segment containing a person's name.

position in parent document part
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Paragraph
range: nonNegativeInteger
comment: A unique number indicating the hierarchical position of a document part within its parent document part.

publication date
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Scholarly Publication
range: dateTime
comment: A date when a publication is made publicly available or officially released to the audience.

publication title
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Scholarly Publication
range: string
comment: A text segment containing the title of a scholarly publication.

publication venue
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Scholarly Publication
range: string
comment: A text segment indicating the venue of the conference where a scholarly publication is presented.

schema name
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Labeling Schema
range: string
comment: A text segment containing a schema name.

section number
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Section
range: string
comment: A text segment containing a section number.

section title
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Section
range: string
comment: A text segment containing a section title.

status assignment date
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Labeled Term Status
range: dateTime
comment: A specific date and time at which a particular status is assigned to a labeled term (also known as a named entity).

system version
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: NER System
range: string
comment: A text segment containing the version number of an NER system.

table number
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Table
range: nonNegativeInteger
comment: A unique table number within a document.

Entity
type: Class
comment: An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist.

Continuant
type: Class
subclass of: Entity
comment: A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity.

Occurrent
type: Class
subclass of: Entity
comment: An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region.

Independent Continuant
type: Class
subclass of: Continuant
comment: B is an independent continuant = Def. B is a continuant which is such that there is no C and no T such that B s-depends_on C at T.

Process
type: Class
subclass of: Occurrent
comment: P is a process = Def. P is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time T, P s-depends_on some material entity at T.

Realizable Entity
type: Class
subclass of: Specifically Dependent Continuant
comment: To say that B is a realizable entity is to say that B is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type.

Quality
type: Class
subclass of: Specifically Dependent Continuant
comment: A quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized.

Specifically Dependent Continuant
type: Class
subclass of: Continuant
comment: B is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. B is a continuant & there is some independent continuant C which is not a spatial region and which is such that B s-depends_on C at every time T during the course of B’s existence.

Role
type: Class
subclass of: Realizable Entity
comment: A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts.

Generically Dependent Continuant
type: Class
subclass of: Continuant
comment: B is a generically dependent continuant = Def. B is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities.

Material Entity
type: Class
subclass of: Independent Continuant
comment: A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part.

Relational Quality
type: Class
subclass of: Quality
comment: B is a relational quality = Def. for some independent continuants C, D and for some time T: B quality_of C at T & B quality_of D at T.

Information Content Entity
type: Class
subclass of: Generically Dependent Continuant
comment: A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing.

Document
type: Class
subclass of: Information Content Entity
comment: A collection of information content entities intended to be understood together as a whole.

Document Part
type: Class
subclass of: Information Content Entity
comment: An information content entity that is part of a document.

Abstract
type: Class
subclass of: Document Part
comment: A summary of the entire document that is substantially smaller than the document it summarizes. It is about the document it summarizes.

Author Role
type: Class
subclass of: Role
comment: A role inhering in a person or organization that is realized when the bearer participates in the work which is the basis of the document, in the writing of the document, and signs it with their name.

Document Act Performer Role
type: Class
subclass of: Role
comment: A role inhering in a human being or an organization or an aggregate of any of the aforementioned that is realized by the bearer being the agent in a document act.

Homo Sapiens
type: Class
subclass of: Organism
comment: A subclass from NCBI Taxonomy.

Organization
type: Class
subclass of: Material Entity
comment: An entity that can bear roles, has members, and has a set of organization rules. Members of organizations are either organizations themselves or individual people. Members can bear specific organization member roles that are determined in the organization rules. The organization rules also determine how decisions are made on behalf of the organization by the organization members.

Organism
type: Class
subclass of: Material Entity
comment: A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs.

System
type: Class
subclass of: Material Entity
comment: A material entity consisting of multiple components that are causally integrated.

Bibliographic Collection
type: Class
comment: A collection of bibliographic records, each of which references a publication (or a work in preparation for publication). Examples of bibliographic collections include a collection of the bibliographic records of all the publications that a single individual has authored, or a collection of those bibliographic records to be included in a research paper, where they are expressed as a reference list.

Bibliographic Reference
type: Class
comment: An expression of a bibliographic record in a specific format, that references a particular textual or data publication (or a work in preparation for publication). Each bibliographic reference is a list of items containing entities that describe aspects of the referenced work - for example authors, title, journal, publication year - selected from the bibliographic record. Note that because different journal styles may require omission of elements of the bibliographic record in references included in a paper's reference list (e.g. the title, the identifier, the names of the eighth and subsequent authors), and because errors can be introduced when an author creates a bibliographic reference, the bibliographic reference to a published work may not be a complete or fully accurate expression of the information contained within the authoritative bibliographic record for that work.

Caption
type: Class
comment: Text accompanying another item, such as a picture.

Abstract
type: Class
comment: A brief summary of a book, a research article, thesis, review, conference proceeding or any in-depth analysis of a particular subject or discipline, the purpose of which is to help the reader quickly ascertain the publication's purpose.

Figure
type: Class
comment: A communication object comprising one or more graphics, drawings, images, or other visual representations.

Formula
type: Class
comment: A unit of information expressed in mathematical, chemical or logical symbols and language.

Paragraph
type: Class
comment: A self-contained unit of discourse that deals with a particular point or idea. Paragraphs contains one or more sentences. The start of a paragraph is indicated by beginning on a new line, which may be indented or separated by a small vertical space by the preceding paragraph.

Section
type: Class
comment: A logical division of the text, usually numbered and/or titled, which may contain subsections.

Table
type: Class
comment: A set of data arranged in cells within rows and columns.

Text Chunk
type: Class
comment: A piece of text defined by a start point and an end point.

Expression
type: Class
comment: A subclass of FRBR expression, restricted to expressions of fabio:Works. For your latest research paper, the preprint submitted to the publisher, and the final published version to which the publisher assigned a unique digital object identifier, are both expressions of the same work.

Abstract
type: Class
subclass of: Abstract
subclass of: Document Part
comment: An overview of a scholarly publication, usually placed at the beginning of the document and set apart from the main text.

Atomic Labeled Term
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Labeled Term
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: labeled term directly contained by
    max cardinality: 0
subclass of: Labeled Term
disjoint with: Compound Labeled Term
comment: An atomic labeled term is a straightforward annotation where a single, continuous span of text is identified as a labeled term. Note: A labeled term is also known as named entity.
example: The term "modulation" could be identified and labeled as a "process" within the cellulose domain.

Bibliographic Entry
type: Class
subclass of: Bibliographic Reference
subclass of: Document Part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: references
  some values from: Scholarly Publication
comment: Detailed information about the source of a cited work that helps locate the original content on the web.

Bibliography
type: Class
subclass of: Bibliographic Collection
subclass of: Document Part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contains document part
  all values from: Bibliographic Entry
comment: A collection of bibliographic entries typically appearing at the end of a document.

Candidate Status
type: Class
subclass of: Labeled Term Status
comment: A status indicating that the corresponding term has not yet been reviewed by domain experts to determine its inclusion in the domain ontology.

Caption
type: Class
subclass of: Caption
subclass of: Text Fragment
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: cites
  all values from: Bibliographic Entry
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: text fragment references floating document part
  all values from: Floating Document Part
comment: A caption differs from a paragraph as it is part of a floating document element, such as a table or figure, and provides a description of that element.

Compound Labeled Term
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Labeled Term
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: labeled term directly contained by
    min cardinality: 1
subclass of: Labeled Term
comment: A compoubd labed term is a more complex annotation where labed terms can be contained within other labed terms. Note: A labeled term is also known as named entity.
example: The term "nanoparticle shape" (classified as "property") could be seen as a compound labeled term consisting of "nanoparticle" (classified as "structure") and "shape" (classified as "property"), both of which are individual labeled terms.

Confirmed Status
type: Class
subclass of: Labeled Term Status
comment: A status indicating that the corresponding term has been reviewed by domain experts and determined its inclusion in the domain ontology.

Document Part
type: Class
subclass of: Document Part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: document part contained by
  some values from: Scholarly Publication
comment: Structural features of scholarly publications that support locating identified named entities.
example: Abstract, Floating Document Part, Ordered Document Part, Text Fragment, Bibliography, and Bibliographic Entry.

End of Document
type: Class
subclass of: Ordered Document Part
comment: A marker indicating the definitive end of the main text.

Figure
type: Class
subclass of: Figure
subclass of: Floating Document Part
comment: A floating document element that has the flexibility to be positioned anywhere within a publication.

Floating Document Part
type: Class
subclass of: Document Part
comment: A document part whose order of appearance, if changed within a publication, does not alter the semantic alignment of the publication.
example: Figure, Table, and Listing.

Formula
type: Class
subclass of: Formula
subclass of: Text Fragment
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: cites
  all values from: Bibliographic Entry
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: text fragment references floating document part
  all values from: Floating Document Part
comment: A specialized piece of text representing mathematical expressions, chemical formulas, and similar content that can appear within a paragraph or a caption.
example: The chemical formula of sodium hydroxide and sodium chloride are NaOH and NaCl respectively.

Keyword
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Text Fragment
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: cites
    max cardinality: 0
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Text Fragment
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: text fragment references floating document part
    max cardinality: 0
subclass of: Text Fragment
comment: A special text fragment that typically accompanies the abstract and may contain one or more labeled terms.

Label
type: Class
subclass of: Information Content Entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: from labeling schema
  all values from: Labeling Schema
comment: A concept (also known as a label) assigned to a term (also known as a named entity) to classify it within a particular context.
example: In the cellulose domain, the term "nanoparticle shape" is classified by a concept (also known as a label) called "property".

Labeled Term
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Text Fragment
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: cites
    max cardinality: 0
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Text Fragment
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: text fragment references floating document part
    max cardinality: 0
subclass of: Text Fragment
comment: A word or group of words in a scholarly publication identified and classified as a named entity.
example: The term "nanoparticle shape" is identified and labeled as a "property", and the term "modulation" is identified and labeled as a "process".

Labeled Term Status
type: Class
subclass of: Relational Quality
comment: Each term in the ontology is associated with a status to signify its current state within the system.
example: Statuses such as Candidate, Confirmed, Accepted, Suggested, and others as needed.

Labeling Schema
type: Class
subclass of: Information Content Entity
comment: A labeling schema consists of a unique set of labels customized for a particular domain or purpose.
example: The concepts (also known as labels) "material", "property", and "process" are part of the CelloGraph schema, designed specifically for the cellulose domain.

Listing
type: Class
subclass of: Floating Document Part
comment: A floating document element that has the flexibility to be positioned anywhere within a publication.

NER Labeler Role
type: Class
subclass of: Document Act Performer Role
comment: An essential role required for a labeler to identify and classify named entities (also known as label terms) within text.

NER System
type: Class
subclass of: System
comment: A system that automates the process of identifying and categorizing named entities (also known as labeled terms) within text.

Ordered Document Part
type: Class
subclass of: Document Part
comment: A document part whose order of appearance, if changed within a publication, alters the semantic alignment of the publication.
example: Section and Paragraph.

Organization
type: Class
subclass of: Organization
comment: A structured entity formed by a group of individuals or legal entities with a common purpose.

Paragraph
type: Class
subclass of: Paragraph
subclass of: Ordered Document Part
subclass of: Text Fragment
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: cites
  all values from: Bibliographic Entry
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: text fragment references floating document part
  all values from: Floating Document Part
comment: A text segment, often made up of one or more sentences, that can be placed inside or outside sections and starts on a new line.

Person
type: Class
subclass of: Homo Sapiens
comment: An individual human being.

Publication Author Role
type: Class
subclass of: Author Role
comment: An essential role in identifying a person as an author.

Rejected Status
type: Class
subclass of: Labeled Term Status
comment: A status indicating that the corresponding term has been reviewed by domain experts and deemed ineligible for inclusion in the domain ontology.

Scholarly Publication
type: Class
subclass of: Document
subclass of: Expression
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contains document part
  all values from: Document Part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: directly contains document part
  all values from: Document Part
comment: An exclusive document format that presents original research or academic discoveries.

Section
type: Class
subclass of: Section
subclass of: Ordered Document Part
comment: A key element for organizing the main text within publications, which can be nested and can contain various other parts such as paragraphs and formulas.

Suggested Status
type: Class
subclass of: Labeled Term Status
comment: A status indicating that the corresponding term has been reviewed by domain experts and proposed either a different label or a revised span, particularly if the term comprises multiple words.

Table
type: Class
subclass of: Table
subclass of: Floating Document Part
comment: A floating document element that has the flexibility to be positioned anywhere within a publication.

Text Fragment
type: Class
subclass of: Text Chunk
subclass of: Document Part
comment: A text segment within a publication that carries semantic meaning.
example: Paragraph, Caption, Formula, Keyword, and Labeled Term.