Spatial and Temporal Aggregate Data (STAD) Ontology Design Pattern
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Spatial and Temporal Aggregate Data (STAD) Ontology Design Pattern

Release: 2022-06-12

Modified on: 2024-05-30
This version:
http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/
Latest version:
http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/
Revision:
2.0
Issued on:
2022-06-12
Creators:
Kingsley Wiafe-Kwakye, Kate Beard, Torsten Hahmann
Publisher:
Spatial Knowledge and Artificial Intelligence (SKAI) Lab, University of Maine,
Imported Ontologies:
time
agg
Download serialization:
JSON-LD RDF/XML N-Triples TTL
License:
http://insertlicenseURIhere.example.org
Visualization:
Visualize with WebVowl
Cite as:
. . .
Ontology Specification Draft
STAD aids in the specification of the semantics of aggregations and thereby guides the semantically correct fusing of spatial temporal statistically aggregated data and knowledge.

Introduction back to ToC

Advances in positioning, sensor networks, and remote sensing have made spatio-temporal environmental data widely available, enabling large-scale data analysis over extensive geographic areas and multiple time spans. Scaling environmental analysis from local to global levels relies on spatial and temporal data aggregation, which involves applying statistical operations like averages, minimums, or maximums to summarize individual data points. This aggregation reduces memory and processing requirements and simplifies decision-making. For instance, detecting trends like global warming is easier with annual or seasonal temperature averages than with daily readings. The STAD ontology provides vocabulary for representing and describing the nuances of aggregate data, detailing what data is aggregated, the aggregation methods and parameters used, and the spatial and temporal units of homogeneity, ensuring correct data integration.

Namespace declarations

Table 1: Namespaces used in the document
[Ontology NS Prefix]<http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/>
dc<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>
dcterms<http://purl.org/dc/terms/>
dtype<http://www.linkedmodel.org/schema/dtype#>
foaf<http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
geo<http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>
greg<http://www.w3.org/ns/time/gregorian#>
mls<http://www.w3.org/ns/mls#>
obo<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/>
owl<http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>
prov<http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#>
qkdv<http://qudt.org/vocab/dimensionvector/>
quantitykind<http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/>
qudt<http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/>
qudt.type<http://qudt.org/vocab/type/>
rdf<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
rdfs<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
skos<http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>
sou<http://qudt.org/vocab/sou/>
time<http://www.w3.org/2006/time#>
unit<http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/>
vaem<http://www.linkedmodel.org/schema/vaem#>
voag<http://voag.linkedmodel.org/schema/voag#>
xml<http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace>
xsd<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>

Spatial and Temporal Aggregate Data (STAD) Ontology Design Pattern: Overview back to ToC

This ontology has the following classes and properties.

Classes

Object Properties

Named Individuals

Description back to ToC

The Spatial and Temporal Aggregate Data (STAD) Ontology describes the spatial and temporal characteristics of aggregate quantities. STAD provides a representation of crucial attributes of aggregate data: spatial support (geographic unit consistency), temporal support (time unit homogeneity, including temporal coverage and aggregation period), transformation kind (aggregation methods like mean or sum), and base quantity (original data points that were aggregated). Description diagram of STAD

Cross-reference for Spatial and Temporal Aggregate Data (STAD) Ontology Design Pattern classes, object properties and data properties back to ToC

This section provides details for each class and property defined by Spatial and Temporal Aggregate Data (STAD) Ontology Design Pattern.

Classes

Aggregation Periodc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/AggregationPeriod

has super-classes
Temporal Aggregate c
has sub-classes
Convex Aggregation Period c, Non Convex Aggregation Period c
is in domain of
has Extent op
is in range of
has Aggregation Period op

Algorithmc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/Algorithm

Is defined by
http://ontologydesignpatterns.org/wiki/images/4/41/WOP2016_paper_07.pdf
has sub-classes
Data Transformation c
is in range of
implements op, realizes op

Algorithm Executionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/AlgorithmExecution

Is defined by
http://ontologydesignpatterns.org/wiki/images/4/41/WOP2016_paper_07.pdf
has super-classes
is in domain of
executes op, realizes op
is in range of
generated By op

Average Calculation Data Transformationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/AverageCalculationDataTransformation

has super-classes
Data Transformation c
has members
Arithmetic Mean Calculation ni, Geometric Mean Calculation ni, Mode Calculation ni

Computational Data Pointc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/ComputationalDataPoint

has super-classes
Data Point c
has sub-classes
Computational Predicted Data Point c, Statistical Aggregate Data Point c
is in domain of
has Base Data Point op, has Base Data Set op
is disjoint with
Observational Data Point c

Computational Predicted Data Pointc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/ComputationalPredictedDataPoint

has super-classes
Computational Data Point c
is disjoint with
Statistical Aggregate Data Point c

Convex Aggregation Periodc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/ConvexAggregationPeriod

has super-classes
Aggregation Period c

Datac back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/Data

has super-classes
Information Entity c
has sub-classes
Data Point c, Data Set c

Data Pointc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/DataPoint

super class for all data point categories
has super-classes
Data c
has sub-classes
Computational Data Point c, Observational Data Point c, Qualitative Data Point c, Quantitative Data Point c
is in domain of
has Data Value op, has Quality Kind op
is in range of
contains Data Point op, has Base Data Point op
is disjoint with
Data Set c

Data Setc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/DataSet

has super-classes
Data c
is in domain of
contains Data Point op, has Data Set Description op
is in range of
has Base Data Set op
is disjoint with
Data Point c

Data Set Descriptionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/DataSetDescription

has super-classes
is in domain of
has Spatial Resolution op, has Temporal Resolution op
is in range of
has Data Set Description op

Data Transformationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/DataTransformation

has super-classes
Algorithm c
has sub-classes
Average Calculation Data Transformation c, Extremum Calculation Data Transformation c

Extremum Calculation Data Transformationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/ExtremumCalculationDataTransformation

has super-classes
Data Transformation c
has members
Maximum Calculation ni, Minimum Calculation ni

Implementationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/Implementation

Is defined by
http://ontologydesignpatterns.org/wiki/images/4/41/WOP2016_paper_07.pdf
has super-classes
is in domain of
has Parameter op, implements op
is in range of
executes op

Non Convex Aggregation Periodc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/NonConvexAggregationPeriod

has super-classes
Aggregation Period c

Observational Data Pointc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/ObservationalDataPoint

has super-classes
Data Point c
is disjoint with
Computational Data Point c

Parameterc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/Parameter

Is defined by
http://ontologydesignpatterns.org/wiki/images/4/41/WOP2016_paper_07.pdf
is in range of
has Parameter op, specified By op

Parameter Settingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/ParameterSetting

Is defined by
http://ontologydesignpatterns.org/wiki/images/4/41/WOP2016_paper_07.pdf
has super-classes
is in domain of
specified By op

Qualitative Data Pointc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/QualitativeDataPoint

has super-classes
Data Point c
is in domain of
has Qualitative Value op
is disjoint with
Quantitative Data Point c

Qualitative Valuec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/QualitativeValue

has super-classes
Data Value c
is in range of
has Qualitative Value op

Quantitative Data Pointc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/QuantitativeDataPoint

has super-classes
Data Point c
is in domain of
has Quantitative Value op
is disjoint with
Qualitative Data Point c

Quantitative Valuec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/QuantitativeValue

has super-classes
Data Value c
is in range of
has Quantitative Value op, spatial Resolution Value op

Spatial Aggregate Data Pointc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/SpatialAggregateDataPoint

All quantities that are aggregated over space
has super-classes
Statistical Aggregate Data Point c

Spatial Resolutionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/SpatialResolution

has super-classes
is in domain of
spatial Resolution Kind op, spatial Resolution Value op
is in range of
has Spatial Resolution op

Spatial Resolution Kindc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/SpatialResolutionKind

is equivalent to
{ coverage ni , maximum Spacing ni , mean Spacing ni , minimum Spacing ni , pixel Size ni , total Spacing ni }
is in range of
spatial Resolution Kind op

Spatio Temporal Aggregate Data Pointc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/SpatioTemporalAggregateDataPoint

All quantities that are aggregated over both space and time
has super-classes

Statistical Aggregate Data Pointc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/StatisticalAggregateDataPoint

All quantities that are the statistical summary of a base quantity
has super-classes
Computational Data Point c
has sub-classes
Spatial Aggregate Data Point c, Temporal Aggregate Data Point c
is in domain of
has Aggregation Period op, has Spatial Coverage op, has Temporal Coverage op
is disjoint with
Computational Predicted Data Point c

Temporal Aggregate Data Pointc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/TemporalAggregateDataPoint

All quantities that are aggregated over time
has super-classes
Statistical Aggregate Data Point c

Object Properties

contains Data Pointop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/containsDataPoint

has domain
Data Set c
has range
Data Point c

executesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/executes

Is defined by
http://ontologydesignpatterns.org/wiki/images/4/41/WOP2016_paper_07.pdf
has domain
Algorithm Execution c
has range
Implementation c

generated Byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/generatedBy

Links anything that is generated by an Algorithm to the specific AlgorithmExecution that was used
has domain
Thing c
has range
Algorithm Execution c

has a partop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2006/time#hasPart

Link to a temporal entity that is a part of this temporal aggregate
has super-properties
has Part op, member
has sub-properties
has Instant op, has Interval op
has domain
Temporal Aggregate c
has range
Temporal entity c
is inverse of
is a part of op

has Aggregation Periodop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/hasAggregationPeriod

has domain
Statistical Aggregate Data Point c
has range
Aggregation Period c

has Base Data Pointop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/hasBaseDataPoint

has domain
Computational Data Point c
has range
Data Point c
has sub-property chains
has Base Data Set op o contains Data Point op

has Base Data Setop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/hasBaseDataSet

has domain
Computational Data Point c
has range
Data Set c

has Data Set Descriptionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/hasDataSetDescription

has domain
Data Set c
has range
Data Set Description c

has Data Valueop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/hasDataValue

has sub-properties
has Qualitative Value op, has Quantitative Value op
has domain
Data Point c
has range
Data Value c

has Extentop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/hasExtent

has domain
Aggregation Period c
has range
Time interval c
is inverse of
is Extent Of op

has Inputop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/hasInput

Is defined by
http://ontologydesignpatterns.org/wiki/images/4/41/WOP2016_paper_07.pdf

has Instantop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/hasInstant

has super-properties
has a part op
has range
Time instant c
is inverse of
instant Part Of op

has Intervalop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/hasInterval

has super-properties
has a part op
has range
Time interval c
is inverse of
interval Part Of op

has Parameterop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/hasParameter

Is defined by
http://ontologydesignpatterns.org/wiki/images/4/41/WOP2016_paper_07.pdf
has domain
Implementation c
has range
Parameter c

has Qualitative Valueop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/hasQualitativeValue

has super-properties
has Data Value op
has domain
Qualitative Data Point c
has range
Qualitative Value c

has Quality Kindop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/hasQualityKind

has domain
Data Point c
has range
Quality Kind c

has Quantitative Valueop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/hasQuantitativeValue

has super-properties
has Data Value op
has domain
Quantitative Data Point c
has range
Quantitative Value c

has Spatial Coverageop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/hasSpatialCoverage

has domain
Statistical Aggregate Data Point c
has range
Spatial Coverage c
is inverse of
spatial Coverage Of op

has Spatial Resolutionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/hasSpatialResolution

has domain
Data Set Description c
has range
Spatial Resolution c

has Temporal Coverageop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/hasTemporalCoverage

has domain
Statistical Aggregate Data Point c
has range
Temporal Coverage c
is inverse of
temporal Coverage Of op

has Temporal Resolutionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/hasTemporalResolution

has domain
Data Set Description c
has range
Time duration c

implementsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/implements

Is defined by
http://ontologydesignpatterns.org/wiki/images/4/41/WOP2016_paper_07.pdf
has domain
Implementation c
has range
Algorithm c

instant Part Ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/instantPartOf

has super-properties
is a part of op
is inverse of
has Instant op

interval Part Ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/intervalPartOf

has super-properties
is a part of op
is inverse of
has Interval op

is a part ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2006/time#isPartOf

Link to a temporal aggregate of which this temporal entity is a part
has sub-properties
instant Part Of op, interval Part Of op
has domain
Temporal entity c
has range
Temporal Aggregate c
is inverse of
has a part op

realizesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/realizes

Is defined by
http://ontologydesignpatterns.org/wiki/images/4/41/WOP2016_paper_07.pdf
has domain
Algorithm Execution c
has range
Algorithm c

spatial Resolution Kindop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/spatialResolutionKind

has domain
Spatial Resolution c
has range
Spatial Resolution Kind c

spatial Resolution Valueop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/spatialResolutionValue

has domain
Spatial Resolution c
has range
Quantitative Value c

specified Byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/specifiedBy

Is defined by
http://ontologydesignpatterns.org/wiki/images/4/41/WOP2016_paper_07.pdf
has domain
Parameter Setting c
has range
Parameter c

Named Individuals

Arithmetic Mean Calculationni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/ArithmeticMeanCalculation

belongs to
Average Calculation Data Transformation c

Geometric Mean Calculationni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/GeometricMeanCalculation

belongs to
Average Calculation Data Transformation c

Maximum Calculationni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/MaximumCalculation

belongs to
Extremum Calculation Data Transformation c

Minimum Calculationni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/MinimumCalculation

belongs to
Extremum Calculation Data Transformation c

Mode Calculationni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/ModeCalculation

belongs to
Average Calculation Data Transformation c

Legend back to ToC

c: Classes
op: Object Properties
ni: Named Individuals

References back to ToC

Add your references here. It is recommended to have them as a list.

Acknowledgments back to ToC

The authors would like to thank Silvio Peroni for developing LODE, a Live OWL Documentation Environment, which is used for representing the Cross Referencing Section of this document and Daniel Garijo for developing Widoco, the program used to create the template used in this documentation.