Spatial and Temporal Aggregate Data (STAD) Ontology Design Pattern
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Spatial and Temporal Aggregate Data (STAD) Ontology Design Pattern

Release: 2022-06-12

Modified on: 2024-05-30
This version:
http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#
Latest version:
http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#
>>>>>>> ca56fc87ca94e8ed55e619c03562f869dedcb828
Revision:
2.0
Issued on:
2022-06-12
Creators:
Kingsley Wiafe-Kwakye, Kate Beard, Torsten Hahmann
Publisher:
Spatial Knowledge and Artificial Intelligence (SKAI) Lab, University of Maine,
Imported Ontologies:
time
agg
Download serialization:
JSON-LD RDF/XML N-Triples TTL
License:
http://insertlicenseURIhere.example.org
Visualization:
Visualize with WebVowl
Cite as:
. . .
Ontology Specification Draft
STAD aids in the specification of the semantics of aggregations and thereby guides the semantically correct fusing of spatial temporal statistically aggregated data and knowledge.

Introduction back to ToC

Advances in positioning, sensor networks, and remote sensing have made spatio-temporal environmental data widely available, enabling large-scale data analysis over extensive geographic areas and multiple time spans. Scaling environmental analysis from local to global levels relies on spatial and temporal data aggregation, which involves applying statistical operations like averages, minimums, or maximums to summarize individual data points. This aggregation reduces memory and processing requirements and simplifies decision-making. For instance, detecting trends like global warming is easier with annual or seasonal temperature averages than with daily readings. The STAD ontology provides vocabulary for representing and describing the nuances of aggregate data, detailing what data is aggregated, the aggregation methods and parameters used, and the spatial and temporal units of homogeneity, ensuring correct data integration.

Namespace declarations

Table 1: Namespaces used in the document
[Ontology NS Prefix]<http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core>
dc<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>
dcterms<http://purl.org/dc/terms/>
geo<http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>
greg<http://www.w3.org/ns/time/gregorian#>
mls<http://www.w3.org/ns/mls#>
owl<http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>
prov<http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#>
qudt<http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/>
rdf<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
rdfs<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
skos<http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>
stad<http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#>
stad-mls<http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/mls#>
time<http://www.w3.org/2006/time#>
unit<http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/>
xml<http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace>
xsd<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>

Spatial and Temporal Aggregate Data (STAD) Ontology Design Pattern: Overview back to ToC

This ontology has the following classes and properties.

Classes

Object Properties

Description back to ToC

The Spatial and Temporal Aggregate Data (STAD) Ontology describes the spatial and temporal characteristics of aggregate quantities. STAD provides a representation of crucial attributes of aggregate data: spatial support (geographic unit consistency), temporal support (time unit homogeneity, including temporal coverage and aggregation period), transformation kind (aggregation methods like mean or sum), and base quantity (original data points that were aggregated). Description diagram of STAD

Cross-reference for Spatial and Temporal Aggregate Data (STAD) Ontology Design Pattern classes, object properties and data properties back to ToC

This section provides details for each class and property defined by Spatial and Temporal Aggregate Data (STAD) Ontology Design Pattern.

Classes

Aggregation Periodc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#AggregationPeriod

has super-classes
Temporal aggregate c
has sub-classes
Convex Aggregation Period c, Non Convex Aggregation Period c
is in domain of
has Extent op
is in range of
has Aggregation Period op

Algorithmc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/mls#Algorithm

has sub-classes
Data Transformation c
is in range of
implements op, output Of op, realizes op

Algorithm Executionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/mls#AlgorithmExecution

has super-classes
is in domain of
executes op, realizes op
is in range of
generated By op

Average Calculation Data Transformationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#AverageCalculationDataTransformation

has super-classes
Data Transformation c
has members
Arithmetic Mean Calculation ni, Geometric Mean Calculation ni, Mode Calculation ni

Computational Datapointc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#ComputationalDatapoint

has super-classes
Datapoint c
has sub-classes
Computational Predicted Datapoint c, Statistical Aggregate Datapoint c
is in domain of
generated By op, has Base Datapoint op, has Base Dataset op, output Of op
is disjoint with
Observational Datapoint c

Computational Predicted Datapointc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#ComputationalPredictedDatapoint

has super-classes
Computational Datapoint c
is disjoint with
Statistical Aggregate Datapoint c

Convex Aggregation Periodc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#ConvexAggregationPeriod

has super-classes
Aggregation Period c
is in range of
has Convex Aggregation Period op
is disjoint with
Non Convex Aggregation Period c

Datac back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#Data

has super-classes
Information Entity c
has sub-classes
Datapoint c, Dataset c

Data Transformationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#DataTransformation

has super-classes
Algorithm c
has sub-classes
Average Calculation Data Transformation c, Extremum Calculation Data Transformation c
is in range of
has Transformation Kind op

Datapointc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#Datapoint

super class for all data point categories
has super-classes
Data c
has sub-classes
Computational Datapoint c, Observational Datapoint c, Qualitative Datapoint c, Quantitative Datapoint c
is in domain of
has Data Value op, has Quality Kind op
is in range of
contains Datapoint op, has Base Datapoint op
is disjoint with
Dataset c

Datasetc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#Dataset

has super-classes
Data c
is in domain of
contains Datapoint op, has Dataset Description op, has Spatial Coverage op, has Temporal Coverage op
is in range of
has Base Dataset op
is disjoint with
Datapoint c

Dataset Descriptionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#DatasetDescription

has super-classes
is in domain of
has Spatial Resolution op, has Temporal Resolution op
is in range of
has Dataset Description op

Extremum Calculation Data Transformationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#ExtremumCalculationDataTransformation

has super-classes
Data Transformation c
has members
Maximum Calculation ni, Minimum Calculation ni

Featurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#Feature

A discrete spatial phenomenon in a universe of discourse.
Is defined by
http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/
http://www.opengis.net/spec/geosparql/1.0/req/core/feature-class
http://www.opengis.net/spec/geosparql/1.1/req/core/feature-class
has super-classes
Spatial Object c
has sub-classes
Spatial Coverage c
is in domain of
has geometry op
is disjoint with
Geometry c

Geometryc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#Geometry

A coherent set of direct positions in space. The positions are held within a Spatial Reference System (SRS).
Is defined by
http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/
http://www.opengis.net/spec/geosparql/1.0/req/geometry-extension/geometry-class
http://www.opengis.net/spec/geosparql/1.1/req/geometry-extension/geometry-class
has super-classes
Spatial Object c
is in range of
has geometry op
is disjoint with
Feature c

Implementationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/mls#Implementation

has super-classes
is in domain of
has Parameter op, implements op
is in range of
executes op

Non Convex Aggregation Periodc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#NonConvexAggregationPeriod

has super-classes
Aggregation Period c
is in range of
has Non Convex Aggregation Period op
is disjoint with
Convex Aggregation Period c

Observational Datapointc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#ObservationalDatapoint

has super-classes
Datapoint c
is disjoint with
Computational Datapoint c

Parameterc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/mls#Parameter

is in range of
has Parameter op, specified By op

Parameter Settingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/mls#ParameterSetting

has super-classes
is in domain of
specified By op

Proper intervalc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2006/time#ProperInterval

A temporal entity with non-zero extent or duration, i.e. for which the value of the beginning and end are different
A temporal entity with non-zero extent or duration, i.e. for which the value of the beginning and end are different
has super-classes
Time interval c
has sub-classes
Temporal Coverage c
is disjoint with
Time instant c

Qualitative Datapointc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#QualitativeDatapoint

has super-classes
Datapoint c
is in domain of
has Qualitative Value op
is disjoint with
Quantitative Datapoint c

Qualitative Valuec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#QualitativeValue

has super-classes
Data Value c
is in range of
has Qualitative Value op

Quantitative Datapointc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#QuantitativeDatapoint

has super-classes
Datapoint c
is in domain of
has Quantitative Value op
is disjoint with
Qualitative Datapoint c

Quantitative Valuec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#QuantitativeValue

has super-classes
Data Value c
is in range of
has Quantitative Value op, spatial Resolution Value op

Spatial Aggregate Datapointc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#SpatialAggregateDatapoint

All quantities that are aggregated over space
has super-classes
Statistical Aggregate Datapoint c
is in domain of
has Spatial Coverage op

Spatial Coveragec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#SpatialCoverage

has super-classes
Feature c
is in range of
has Spatial Coverage op

Spatial Objectc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#SpatialObject

Anything spatial (being or having a shape, position or an extent).
Is defined by
http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/
http://www.opengis.net/spec/geosparql/1.0/req/core/spatial-object-class
http://www.opengis.net/spec/geosparql/1.1/req/core/spatial-object-class
has sub-classes
Feature c, Geometry c

Spatial Resolutionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#SpatialResolution

has super-classes
is in domain of
spatial Resolution Kind op, spatial Resolution Value op
is in range of
has Spatial Resolution op

Spatial Resolution Kindc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#SpatialResolutionKind

is equivalent to
{ coverage ni , maximum Spacing ni , mean Spacing ni , minimum Spacing ni , pixel Size ni , total Spacing ni }
is in range of
spatial Resolution Kind op

Spatio Temporal Aggregate Datapointc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#SpatioTemporalAggregateDatapoint

All quantities that are aggregated over both space and time
has super-classes

Statistical Aggregate Datapointc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#StatisticalAggregateDatapoint

All quantities that are the statistical summary of a base quantity
has super-classes
Computational Datapoint c
has sub-classes
Spatial Aggregate Datapoint c, Temporal Aggregate Datapoint c
is in domain of
has Aggregation Period op, has Temporal Coverage op, has Transformation Kind op
is disjoint with
Computational Predicted Datapoint c

Temporal aggregatec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2006/time#TemporalAggregate

A temporal aggregate is temporal entity that is an aggregation of temporal entities Note: no ordering relationships are implied amongst the parts. Relationships between temporal entities are supported by explicit properties, such as time:after time:intervalMeets, etc
Example 
ex:VicSchoolTerms2020
  a time:TemporalAggregate ;
  rdfs:label "Public school year - Victoria 2020 " ;
  time:hasBeginning ex:t1b ;
  time:hasEnd ex:t4e ;
  time:hasPart ex:t1 ;
  time:hasPart ex:t2 ;
  time:hasPart ex:t3 ;
  time:hasPart ex:t4 ;
.
has super-classes
Temporal entity c
has sub-classes
Aggregation Period c
is in domain of
has a part op, has a temporal part (STAD relation) op
is in range of
is a part of op

Temporal Aggregate Datapointc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#TemporalAggregateDatapoint

All quantities that are aggregated over time
has super-classes
Statistical Aggregate Datapoint c

Temporal Coveragec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#TemporalCoverage

has super-classes
Proper interval c
is in range of
has Temporal Coverage op

Temporal durationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2006/time#TemporalDuration

Time extent; duration of a time interval separate from its particular start position
Time extent; duration of a time interval separate from its particular start position
is in range of
has Temporal Resolution op

Temporal entityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2006/time#TemporalEntity

A temporal interval or instant.
A temporal interval or instant.
is equivalent to
Time instant c or Time interval c
has super-classes
Thing c
has sub-classes
Temporal aggregate c, Time instant c, Time interval c
is in domain of
has beginning op, has end op, is a part of op
is in range of
has a part op, has a temporal part (STAD relation) op, has time op

Time instantc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2006/time#Instant

A temporal entity with zero extent or duration
A temporal entity with zero extent or duration
has super-classes
Temporal entity c
is in range of
has Instant op, has beginning op, has end op
is disjoint with
Proper interval c

Time intervalc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2006/time#Interval

A temporal entity with an extent or duration
A temporal entity with an extent or duration
has super-classes
Temporal entity c
has sub-classes
Proper interval c
is in range of
has Extent op, has Interval op

Object Properties

contains Datapointop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#containsDatapoint

has domain
Dataset c
has range
Datapoint c

executesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/mls#executes

has domain
Algorithm Execution c
has range
Implementation c

generated Byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#generatedBy

Links anything that is generated by an Algorithm to the specific AlgorithmExecution that was used
has domain
Computational Datapoint c
has range
Algorithm Execution c

has a partop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2006/time#hasPart

Link to a temporal aggregate of which this temporal entity is a part
Example 
ex:VicSchoolTerms2020
  a time:TemporalAggregate ;
  time:hasPart ex:t1 ;
.
ex:t1
  a time:ProperInterval ;
.
has super-properties
has Part op, member op
has sub-properties
has Instant op, has Interval op, has a temporal part (STAD relation) op
has domain
Temporal aggregate c
has range
Temporal entity c
is inverse of
is a part of op

has a temporal part (STAD relation)op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#hasTemporalPart

has super-properties
has a part op
has domain
Temporal aggregate c
has range
Temporal entity c
has sub-property chains
has Convex Aggregation Period op o has Extent op

has Aggregation Periodop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#hasAggregationPeriod

has sub-properties
has Convex Aggregation Period op, has Non Convex Aggregation Period op
has domain
Statistical Aggregate Datapoint c
has range
Aggregation Period c

has Base Datapointop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#hasBaseDatapoint

has domain
Computational Datapoint c
has range
Datapoint c
has sub-property chains
has Base Dataset op o contains Datapoint op

has Base Datasetop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#hasBaseDataset

has domain
Computational Datapoint c
has range
Dataset c

has beginningop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2006/time#hasBeginning

Beginning of a temporal entity
Beginning of a temporal entity.
has super-properties
has time op
has domain
Temporal entity c
has range
Time instant c

has Convex Aggregation Periodop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#hasConvexAggregationPeriod

has super-properties
has Aggregation Period op
has range
Convex Aggregation Period c

has Data Valueop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#hasDataValue

has sub-properties
has Qualitative Value op, has Quantitative Value op
has domain
Datapoint c
has range
Data Value c

has Dataset Descriptionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#hasDatasetDescription

has domain
Dataset c
has range
Dataset Description c

has endop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2006/time#hasEnd

End of a temporal entity.
End of a temporal entity.
has super-properties
has time op
has domain
Temporal entity c
has range
Time instant c

has Extentop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#hasExtent

has domain
Aggregation Period c
has range
Time interval c
is inverse of
is Extent Of op

has geometryop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#hasGeometry

A spatial representation for a given Feature.
Is defined by
http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core/
http://www.opengis.net/spec/geosparql/1.0/req/geometry-extension/feature-properties
http://www.opengis.net/spec/geosparql/1.1/req/geometry-extension/feature-properties
has domain
Feature c
has range
Geometry c

has Inputop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/mls#hasInput

has Instantop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#hasInstant

has super-properties
has a part op
has range
Time instant c
is inverse of
instant Part Of op

has Intervalop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#hasInterval

has super-properties
has a part op
has range
Time interval c
is inverse of
interval Part Of op

has Non Convex Aggregation Periodop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#hasNonConvexAggregationPeriod

has super-properties
has Aggregation Period op
has range
Non Convex Aggregation Period c

has Parameterop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/mls#hasParameter

has domain
Implementation c
has range
Parameter c

has Qualitative Valueop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#hasQualitativeValue

has super-properties
has Data Value op
has domain
Qualitative Datapoint c
has range
Qualitative Value c

has Quality Kindop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#hasQualityKind

has domain
Datapoint c
has range
Quality Kind c

has Quantitative Valueop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#hasQuantitativeValue

has super-properties
has Data Value op
has domain
Quantitative Datapoint c
has range
Quantitative Value c

has Spatial Coverageop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#hasSpatialCoverage

has domain
Dataset c or Spatial Aggregate Datapoint c
has range
Spatial Coverage c
is inverse of
spatial Coverage Of op

has Spatial Resolutionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#hasSpatialResolution

has domain
Dataset Description c
has range
Spatial Resolution c

has Temporal Coverageop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#hasTemporalCoverage

has domain
Dataset c or Statistical Aggregate Datapoint c
has range
Temporal Coverage c
is inverse of
temporal Coverage Of op

has Temporal Resolutionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#hasTemporalResolution

has domain
Dataset Description c
has range
Temporal duration c

has timeop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2006/time#hasTime

Supports the association of a temporal entity (instant or interval) to any thing
Supports the association of a temporal entity (instant or interval) to any thing
editorial note
Feature at risk - added in 2017 revision, and not yet widely used.
has sub-properties
has beginning op, has end op
has range
Temporal entity c

has Transformation Kindop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#hasTransformationKind

has super-properties
output Of op
has domain
Statistical Aggregate Datapoint c
has range
Data Transformation c

implementsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/mls#implements

has domain
Implementation c
has range
Algorithm c

instant Part Ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#instantPartOf

has super-properties
is a part of op
is inverse of
has Instant op

interval Part Ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#intervalPartOf

has super-properties
is a part of op
is inverse of
has Interval op

is a part ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2006/time#isPartOf

Link to a temporal aggregate of which this temporal entity is a part
Example 
ex:t1
  a time:ProperInterval ;
  time:isPartOf ex:VicSchoolTerms2020 ;
.
ex:VicSchoolTerms2020
  a time:TemporalAggregate ;
.
has sub-properties
instant Part Of op, interval Part Of op
has domain
Temporal entity c
has range
Temporal aggregate c
is inverse of
has a part op

output Ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#outputOf

has sub-properties
has Transformation Kind op
has domain
Computational Datapoint c
has range
Algorithm c

realizesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/mls#realizes

has domain
Algorithm Execution c
has range
Algorithm c

spatial Resolution Kindop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#spatialResolutionKind

has domain
Spatial Resolution c
has range
Spatial Resolution Kind c

spatial Resolution Valueop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/core#spatialResolutionValue

has domain
Spatial Resolution c
has range
Quantitative Value c

specified Byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spatialai/stad/v2/mls#specifiedBy

has domain
Parameter Setting c
has range
Parameter c

Legend back to ToC

c: Classes
op: Object Properties

References back to ToC

Add your references here. It is recommended to have them as a list.

Acknowledgments back to ToC

The authors would like to thank Silvio Peroni for developing LODE, a Live OWL Documentation Environment, which is used for representing the Cross Referencing Section of this document and Daniel Garijo for developing Widoco, the program used to create the template used in this documentation.